US Health Care System essay

The the accedesn Health pull off System Description\n\n \n\n tabularise of contents:\n\n 1. Evolution of the U.S. wellness economic service policy\n\n2. complex body part of the U.S. wellness sustentation clay\n\n3. State wellness explosive charge weapons platforms\n\n4. Types of damages\n\n5. Regulation and oversight in in the world eye(predicate) wellness function st sendgy\n\n \n\n1.Evolution of the U.S. wellness c ar policy\n\nThe accompaniment that the U.S. health cargon law is among the best in the world, is a commonly accepted fact. umpteen countries work hard on this vent in position to create a health c atomic number 18 trunk that would in whatsoever way jibe the system implemented by the join States. The United States of America is the give birther of the close dearly-won health cargon system in the world. This is primarily forbidden-of-pocket to the fact that U.S. spends on the health c be system more(prenominal) than any an dif ferent(prenominal)wise surface argona both in unequivocal figures and as related to the gross domestic product per capita. For instance, in 2007 U.S. spent virtu exclusivelyy 7439 USD on the health cargon of its distributively citizen (Roehr,2008).\n\nAccording to CIA orbit Fact book, the level of the minor death rate and feeling expectancy in the the States both occupy the fortieth positions in the world. Despite only the fiscal support, historic eithery the respectable point of 1997-2003 revealed that the reduction of death rate in the States was the pokey as compared to other industrially developed countries. At the uniform time in 2006 the US statistics center after analyzing the data from the annual subject field populace inquiry of a suppose of health, declared that almost 70% of the US universe referred to their health as excellent or in truth good (Mahar,2006). much(prenominal) subjective evaluation of the topic health is a very impressive and very import ant.\n\nAt the show moment US uses around sixerteen portion of its GNP and it is evaluate that by the year of 2017 this percentage leave behind reach the level of 20 percent. The main source for much(prenominal) potential growth is a set of express weapons platforms, which in its turn made antedate to the destabilization of the national economy. Correspondingly, this issue enquires further analysis and the implementation of a larger percentage of the privet orbit of health palm(Roehr,2008).\n\nA spite all the impressive figures and numbers, the history has proven that ground forces is the only terra firma in the world which does non yield a syllabusetary system of health. 64% out of the 84% of the US citizens that stimulate health insurance policy policy, are insurances dole out by the employer. Only 9% acquire the health insurance as an private hidden order; 27% of the US universe attains its insurance owe to discordant invoke course of instruction s (Roehr,2008). genuine relegate course of studys provide the invalids, antique population, veterans and abject-income groups with aesculapian financial aid, and emergency health care for all US citizens nonwithstanding their ability to cover it. Almost the fractional of the outlays of the boorish are the expenses of much(prenominal) offer programs, therefore the US organisation is the largest insurer of the nation.\n\n \n\n2.Structure of the U.S. health care system\n\nThe US health care system is represented on three major(ip) levels: family medicate, hospital suffice and public health function. Medical go inwardly the territory of the United States are provided both by private or licit establishments. Various commercial, charitable and state organizations offer patients both out-patient and unmoving run (Mahar,2006).\n\nAbout 47 % of all expenses on public health function of the USA, are expenses for hospitalization, about 2 % are house service, 10 % are medicamentous treatment and 10 % are the alimentation at geriatric hearths. The remained 11 % cover operate of dentists, ophthalmologists and other experts of narrow background(Roehr,2008).\n\nFamily medicine is considered to be a quite developed structure in the USA. Family doctors examine and observe patients and if necessary, directly them to narrow experts or to a hospital. Such doctors receive salary directly from patients. As a rule, the family doctor has his own component or cooperates with other experts. Hospitals realise the largest component of the general summate of checkup examination run of the USA(Wangsness,2009).\n\n hospitalization insurance is the most big-ticket(prenominal) and most important component of the diligence of public health run of this untaught. However, recently there are appreciable shifts towards other establishments, in general polyclinics, points of setoff aid and geriatric homes. Out-patient run are slowly, however conf idently replaced by hospitalization, and home visiting service by pillowing in geriatric homes.\n\nIn the USA there are cardinal types of hospitals: the ones having property rights but oftentimes operated by tolerant private corporations, and the hospitals that are non-profitable hospitals which are controlled by district and state authorities, religious communities or independent public organizations (Mahar,2006). US hospitals give in a certain flock of the out-patient help in the ERs and in specialized clinics, but essentially they are intended for translation the hospitalization of the patients. A abundant amount of attention is inclined to emergency aid. Besides, USA has a network of hospices for terminal patients with expected life expectancy of six month and less. Such hospices are usually subsidized by charitable organizations and the brass.\n\nHowever, in the USA, as well as in other countries, the concept of the out-patient help includes comment of medical ex am service without hospitalization of the patient. This makes a regretful share of interpreting of medical aid to the population. Treatment in-home essentially is made at the expense of the sisterly organizations and usually is tell by the doctors. The private sector of out-patient medical aid is presented by personal doctors (experts in interior and family medicine, pediatricians), narrow background experts, for illustration gastroenterologists, cardiologist, soak ups and other medical personnel(Roehr,2008).\n\n3. State health care programs\n\nThose American citizens, who do not welcome private insurance, are entitled for the action of such state programs as Medicare, Medicaid, and withal other programs for the needy population offered by different states and local authorities. unmatched of the researches showed that 25 % of none- ascertain US population can participate is such state programs, but and for certain reasons have not got under their action(Roehr,2008).\n\nO ne of the major purposes of the US presidential term is the involution of the sphere of action of these programs on all levels of the population and peculiarly for those US citizens, who truly need them. For example, the Tricare program is a program for the veterans and their families. In 1997 the federal government has introduced the program of the state insurance for children from families that have an income which is higher than the Medicaid admission rate but until now is not sufficient in order to purchase insurance(Mahar,2006). By 2010 this program has helped trillions of children, but in many states it has already go about the problem of insufficient backing.\n\nThe government of the USA redresss the expenses of the public health services by bureau of two basic programs Medicaid and Medicare. These two programs tolerate providing medical services which are either salvage of charge or at a very low cost, to poor or broken citizens of the state. Medicaid annuall y provides medical aid to over 40 million Americans with low level of incomes, and Medicare provides medical aid to a alike amount of elderly patients and mountain with limited physical possibilities (Roehr,2008).\n\nMedicare is a famous insurance state program for senior good deal who are ripened than 65 years which was implemented in 1967. Before its implementation virtually the half of the elderly population of the United States did not obtain the required volume of medical services. This program coordinates the insurance of all the American citizens who are hoaryer than 65 years old and also of those citizens, who are coming this age and have salutary health pathologies. Thus, at the present moments more than 97% of the elderly population, citizens with serious kidney pathologies and about 4 million of invalids are insured by the Medicare program.\n\nThis insurance program covers medical aid during keen conditions right up to hospitalization, various diagnostic procedu res, medical services at home and pathetic stay in geriatric homes. Besides, patients can receive few preventive services, for example inoculation against hepatitis B, flu, pneumococcus and other. Such services as long hospitalization, nurse visiting service, hearing aid and prescription drugs are not covered by this program. Medicare is a rather effective program. It is partially financed from the special tax on workers: part f it is give by the worker and the other part by the employer. As a whole, this tax is about 15 % of the income of working Americans. The other Medicare part is financed from the general regaining of surtax.\n\nThe Medicaid state program was introduced in 1966 and is aimed at insuring American citizens from low-income families. older people, people with severe injuries, invalids, pregnant women and children are also entitled for this program. This program also covers up to 40% of the newborns, about 30% of children of all age groups and about 40% of th e HIV despotic undivideds(Cunningham, 2006).\n\n Medicaid deals with five basic services: stationary and out-patient treatment, consultations of various experts, stay in geriatric homes, testing ground diagnostics and radiological methods of research. This program pays for geriatric homes for aged people who require permanent care and cannot do anything without outside help.\n\nStaying in such establishments is very valuable: up to 100 dollars a day, therefore, the amount of savings of the mass of such people is not sufficient for this purpose. Patients in geriatric homes get the largest portion of the Medicaid silver (Cunningham, 2006).\n\nThe Medicaid program is financed both by the federal government and the states. The federal government pays the share of the Medicaid expenses from the crop from the general tax. That makes approximately half of all the expenses and the rest is give by the government of each state.\n\nIn 1966 the Congress of the USA has passed the law w hich reformed the system of social security in the USA(Cunningham, 2006). Since then, each state of the country submits to the federal government a plan of the required medical services for different groups of the state population covered by Medicaid. After the approval of this plan the states began to use federal capital along with their own incomes for financial backing medical services. There is a different Medicaid program in each state which converts this program into a system that is strong to manage.\n\n4. Types of insurance\n\nPayments for health services are made by each person several(prenominal)ly at the expense of his/her own means, as well as for any other rendered service. The insurance model provides division of financial risks according to which, each individual or its employer solves the established periodic payment (Wangsness,2009). Such apparatus of division of means much allows paying a full spectrum of necessary medical services. Nevertheless, sometimes it is necessary to pay a certain sum for rendered services the so-called franchise, or to pay extra for each inclined procedure (Mahar,2006).\n\n Today the majority of employers use the so-called counsel insurance organizations which organize the rendering of medical services at a price that is substantially cut down than the one paid by the worker in case of private individual appellation. The basic feature of such organizations is the conclusion of selective contracts which is basically a contact with several suppliers of medical services that allows achieving lower prices. Besides, these organizations often offer schemes of the slump of the excessive medical expenses for the employer. In order to minimize the expenses, the patient needs to be advance examined the broad specialist ahead obtaining specialized aid. Management insurance organizations include health maintenance organizations and preferred provider organizations. The first ones cover only the medical services provided by the hospitals with which they have a contract. The second ones allow getting medical aid not only within the network of its hospitals but also outside the contracted hospitals. newfangled employers give preference to health maintenance organizations(Roehr,2008).\n\n Though the American system of public health care is the most expensive in the world button up it has certain defects. Many US citizens cannot receive adequate medical aid, the number of diseases in the country does not decrease, and preventive actions frequently do not bring expected result. However USA constantly take travel in the direction of the expulsion of such defects and the system in generally directed to the onward motion of the health of the population. Considering the close interrelatedness between the system of financing and the organizations providing medical services it is practical to say, that new mechanisms of financing break to changes in the system of rendering of medical services a nd simultaneously become one of determinatives on the way to the improvement of the national health.If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website:

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